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 Each spore grows into a new hypha after germinating in new habitat, ground
or substratum.

 These spores are the asexual reproductive bodies of bread mould which can
eventually develop into new Rhizopus individuals.

 Examples – Rhizopus, Mucor, Aspergillus, Penicillium, etc.

Vegetative propagation

 This is a type of asexual reproduction seen in plants.
 Vegetative propagation in plants is a method of asexual reproduction in which
vegetative parts of the plant, like, leaves, stem, roots, other than the seeds,
give rise to new plants.

 Vegetative propagation can be natural or artificial.

(a) Natural method

• By roots → eg. Sweet potato
• By underground modified stems → eg. Ginger, potato
• By leaves → eg. Bryophyllum
 Buds produced in the notches along the leaf margin of Bryophyllum fall on
the soil and develop into new plants.

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