Page 2 - 2.Lesson_notes-Asexual_Reproduction_2

3. Only seen in organisms that have Seen in multicellular organisms that have
simple body organisation and are complex body organisation.
multicellular.
4. Highly dependent on the structural Regeneration is seen across all living
complexity of an organism and can organisms and is mostly the result of an
occur as a natural process or may result action or damage to the concerned body
from the action of a predator. part.

Budding

 Budding is a type of asexual reproduction in which a small cyst-like structure
is formed on the parent’s body which gives rise to a new individual.
 Organisms, such as, Hydra use regenerative cells for reproduction in the
process of budding.
 In Hydra, a bud develops as an outgrowth due to repeated cell division at one
specific site.
 These buds develop into tiny individuals and when fully mature, detach from
the parent body and become new independent individuals.

Spore formation

 Organisms, such as, fungi make spores that can grow into complete new
individuals when dispersed from their fruiting body.

 During the formation of spores, the fungal hypha develops an enlarged
sporangium.

 The black sporangia at the tips of the sporangiophores are rounded and
produce numerous nonmotile multinucleate spores for asexual reproduction.

 The nucleus of developing sporangium divides several times. Each nucleus
within the developing sporangium, gets surrounded by a bit of cytoplasm and
develops into a spore.

 The spores mature inside the sporangium. They are liberated by rupturing of
sporangium walls and dispersed to grow on new substratum.

 The spores are covered by thick walls that protect them until they come into
contact with another moist surface and can begin to grow.

2