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Examples of metallic minerals are iron, Examples of non-metallic minerals are coal,
copper, bauxite, tin etc petroleum.
Metals are used to make machine, These minerals are used to obtain, petrol, diesel,
furniture, wires, coins and utensils. Gold paints, paraffin wax.
and silver ate used to make jewellery

Metallic Minerals Metals obtained
Calamine Zinc

Haematite Iron

Bauxite Aluminium

Pyrite Copper

galena Lead

• Coal is a fossil fuel that takes millions of years to form.
• A fossil fuel is a fuel formed from the remains of dead plants and animals that were buried under
the earth’s crust millions of years ago.

1. FORMATION OF COAL: The formation of coal takes millions of years, which is why it is an
exhaustible and non-renewable natural resource. It was formed around 300 million years ago when
the earth was covered with swampy forests. When plants in these forests- mainly trees, mosses,
ferns, and reeds died, they fell into the swamps. Thus a thick layer of dead vegetation was formed
in the swamp. As years and years passed, more and more plants died and many such layers were
formed one above the other pressing each other.The topmost layers compressed the layers below.
Heat and pressure caused some physical and chemical changes and eventually, some carbon-rich
deposits were formed.