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5.C 4H 9CHO Pentyl Aldehyde Pentanal CH 3-CH 2-CH 2-CH 2-CHO

6.C 5H 11CHO Hexyl Aldehyde Hexanal CH 3-CH 2-CH 2-CH 2-CH 2-CHO

Examples of structural formula of some aldehydes-

Butanal

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 Carboxylic acid –

When a carbonyl carbon [-C=O] is bonded on one side to a carbon (or hydrogen) and
on the other side to a Hydrogen atom, the functional group is considered to be an
‘Aldehyde’ [R/H-CH=O].

In carboxylic acid functional group, in which the carbonyl is bonded to a hydroxyl
group. The conjugate base of a carboxylic acid is a carboxylate. Other derivatives are
carboxylic esters (usually just called 'esters'), thioesters, amides, acyl
phosphates, acid chlorides, and acid anhydrides. With the exception of acid
chlorides and acid anhydrides, the carboxylic acid derivatives are very common in
biological molecules and/or metabolic pathways, and their structure and reactivity will be
discussed in detail in chapter 11

Ketones and aldehydes are twocarbonyl-based functional groups that react in very
similar ways. In a ketone, the carbon atom of a carbonyl is bonded to two other carbons.
In an aldehyde, the carbonyl carbon is bonded on one side to a hydrogen, and on the
other side to a carbon. The exception to this definition is formaldehyde, in which the
carbonyl carbon has bonds to two hydrogens.

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