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[Examples of Alkanes, Alkenes & Alkynes are already discussed in the previous
Modules No. 29 &30.]

 Haloalkanes (Alkyl Halides) [R-X]-

When the carbon of an alkane is bonded to one or more halogens, the group
is referred to as a alkyl halide (common name) or haloalkane (IUPAC
name).

Chloroform (CHCl )is a useful solvent in the laboratory, and was one of the
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earlier aesthetic drugs used in surgery.

Chlorodifluoromethane was used as a refrigerant and in aerosol sprays
until the late twentieth century, but its use was discontinued after it was
found to have harmful effects on the ozone layer.

Bromoethane is a simple alkyl halide often used in organic synthesis.

Examples of Alkyl Halides [R-X]-

Chemical Common Name IUPAC Name Structural formula
formula
1.CH Cl Methyl Chloride Mono-Chloro CH -Cl
3
3
Methane
2.CH Cl Methyl Dichloride Di-Chloro Cl-CH -Cl
2
2
2
Methane
3.CHCl Methyl Tri-Chloro Cl-CH-Cl
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Trichloride/Chloroform Methane Cl
4.C 2H 5Cl Ethyl Chloride Mono-Chloro CH -CH -Cl
3
2
Ethane

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