Page 5 - PSYCHOLOGY AND SPORTS NOTES.docx

Intrinsic Motivation is within an individual and guides him/her to perform better. It is
based upon needs, interest, nature, emotions, social need etc. It also depends upon
knowledge of result, personal factor, competition zeal etc. He/she participates in
sports for his/her own sake.

(ii) Extrinsic Motivation This motivation depends upon environmental factors. It has a
great impact on an individual’s performance. It is of various types like rewards,
punishment, active participation, test evaluation, teaching methods, equipment and
surroundings
(ì) Healthy Sports Environment A healthy sports environment plays a vital role in
motivating the sportsperson. Healthy sport environment consists of proper humidity
and temperature, smooth and clean sports fields, good quality of sports equipment
and other facilities. Positive Attitude For proper motivation, the coaches should try to
encourage positive attitude among sportspersons. Players must think positively.
(ìì) Cash Prizes, Certificates and Trophies These are good incentives to sportspersons.
Governments offer cash prizes to sportspersons who win.

Self Esteem
What we think about the self, the total evaluation of negative or positive about
oneself is called self esteem

Body Image
Body image is how and what you think and feel about your body.
Factors influencing body image and self-esteem
i) Media Images:- During teenage, the teenagers become more aware of celebrities
and media images. They usually start to compare themselves with media images and
celebrities.
ii) Family and school:- We do not develop our body image all on our own. The family,
school and other members of society can influence our self-esteem and body image.
iii) Life experience and natural ageing process: Body image and self-esteem are also
significant factors which influence the body image influence our body image and
self-esteem.

Types of aggression
Hostile aggression: Hostile aggression is inflicting or causing harm whether it is
physical or psychological on someone else. It is sometimes referred as reactive
aggression and can be accompanied by anger. In hostile aggression, the main aim is
to cause injury to another person. The intention is on causing pain and suffering.

Instrumental aggression: Instrumental aggression is displaying aggressive behavior in
pursuit of a non-aggressive goal. It is also known as channeled aggression is not
accompanied by anger. Instrumental aggression is behavior that has intent to hurt in
order to achieve money, praise or victory.