Page 5 - 8.2 MODULE-ACTIVE AND PASSIVE VOICE

However ,the by-phrase cannot be avoided where the agent has
some importance and is necessary to complete the sense.

• If the active verb has two objects- one direct and the other indirect-
either of them becomes the subject of the passive verb, and the
other remains as an object of the verb in the passive voice. The
object that comes after the passive verb is called the retained
object.

For example-

The guard refused him admittance.(Active Voice)

Admittance was refused to him by the guard.(Passive Voice)

He was refused admittance by the guard.(Passive Voice)

• Active verbs followed by a Preposition retain the preposition.

For example-
The students laughed at the clown.
The clown was laughed at by the students.
• The doer is not known or when it is not intended to name the doer.
For example-
.The victim was carried out.
• We wish to focus on the person or the thing acted upon rather than
the doer or the agent.
For example-
The building was destroyed by lightening
• When the subject in the active voice is implied from the context.
For example-
He was fired from his job.(by his employer).
The city has been captured (by the enemy).

Rules of Conversion from Active to Passive Voice:
1. Identify the subject, the verb and the object: S+V+O

2. Change the object into subject
3. Put the suitable helping verb or auxiliary verb

4. Change the verb into past participle of the verb

5. In the passive voice, add the preposition "by“ before the object.