Page 3 - Lesson Note

2. Second Stage-developing countries (India, Pakistan) stage of transition-»
countries are moving from underdeveloped to developed.
3. Third Stage-Developed countries (USA, UK).Underdeveloped Countries
(stage 1)
• Birth rate is high since people are unaware of the advantages of having small
families, they are not educated.
• Death rate is also high since health and medical facilities are not available.
Therefore, population is low.

Developing Countries (stage 2)
• Birth rate is high as we live in a patriarchal society where men decide how
many children must be born and male child is preferred.
• Illiteracy and people are ignorant.
• Death rate is also low since health and medical facilities are available.
Therefore population is high and results in population explosion.
• Demographic Dividend when the working population increases more than
the non-working population.
Developed Countries (stage 3)
• Birth rate is low, people are educated and aware and use contraceptives, birth
control is popularised.
• Death rate is also low because of availability of health and medical facilities.
Therefore population is low.
Population Explosion: When the birth rate of a country is high and the death
rate is low because of availability of health and medical facilities.
Therefore population is exploding, increasing.

Common Concepts of Population

1. Birth Rate: Number of live births per thousand population.
2. Death Rate: Number of deaths per thousand population. Also called mortality rate.
3. Rate of natural increase: Difference between birth rate and death rate in an area.
4. Replacement Level: Present generation replaces the previous/older generation.
5. Zero level: Replacement is same. Same number of people replace same number of
older generation called stabilised level (parents replaced by 2 children).
6. Negative level: Number of people replacing older generation are less (parents
replaced by child).
7. Population explosion: Number of people replacing the older generation is more.
Working population is more than the dependent population.
8. Fertility Rate: Number of live births between the age of 15-49 yrs per thousand
women.
9. Total Fertility Rate: Number of women who give birth to children in a particular
area at a particular age (15-49 yrs)
10. Infant Mortality Rate: Number of infants who have died below the age of 1 per
thousand live births.
11. Maternal Mortality Rate: Number of women who die during child birth per
thousand population.
12. Life expectancy Rate: Number of years that one is expected to live as determined by
statistics may be individually qualified by the person‟s condition, race, sex, age or
other demographic factors.
13. Sex Ratio: Number of females per thousands males.