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SAI INTERNATIONAL SCHOOL
SESSION 2020-21
CLASS-X
HISTORY- Ch-1- NATIONALISM IN EUROPE
Lesson Notes
SUB-TOPIC-5 & 6

SUB TOPIC- Visualising the Nation
Allegory-

i. Artists in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuriesportrayed nations as female
figures. The female figure became an allegory of the nation.
ii. It did not stand for any particular woman in real life; rather it sought to give the
abstract idea of the nation a concrete form.
iii. It was used to spread the idea of nationalism.

For example -

1. Marianne- FRANCE- representing the Republic of France.
 French Revolution artists used the female allegory to portray ideas such as
Liberty, Justice and the Republic.
 the attributes of Liberty are the red cap, or the broken chain,
 while Justice is generally a blindfolded woman carrying a pair of weighing scales.
 the tri-colour,
 the cockade.
Marianne images were marked on coins and stamps
Statues of Marianne were erected in public squares to remind the public of the national
symbol of unity and to persuade them to identify with it.

2. Germania (Germany)- created at the end of March 1848 during the Revolutions
of 1848.
 In visual representations, Germania wears a crown of oak leaves.
 It was hung from the ceiling of the Church of St Paul where the Frankfurt
parliament was convened in March 1848
 It was meant as a symbol of a united democratic Germany.
