Page 9 - 8.5 MUSCLES
P. 9

k
                                                                               sc
                        o

                        o
                                                                                            e
                                 k
                                                                                            e
                                                                               sc

                                                            f
                                                            f
                                               g
                                                                                         l
                                                                                         l
                                         n
                                         n
                                               g
                                                                  mu
                                                                  mu
                W
                Working of muscles
                                                                                                  s
                             r
                                       i
                                                      o
                                       i
                W       o    r   k     i n     g      o     f     mu           sc        l  e     s
                                                      o
                             r

                                                                                                  s

                W
                                                                r
                                                                                   n
                                 n
                                 n
                                                                r
                                            t
                                                                r
                                                      a
                                                      a
                        e
                                                                                   n
                                                                        x
                                            t
                                                                        x
                                                                                   n
                                                      a
                            c
                                                                               i
                            c
                            c
                                                                             t
                                          c
                                                                             t
                                                                             t
                                                  n
                                                  n
                                                         n
                                                         n
                                                                               i
                                                                               i
                                                  n
                                                         n
                                                                           a
                                                                           a

                                                                  e
                                                                  e
                                 n
                                                                           a
                                                                  e
                              o
                                          c
                              o
                              o
                                                                                o
                                                                                o
                                          c
                                                                                o



                                                o
                                                                                          f

                                                                                       o
                                    t
                                                o

                                                o
                                     r
                                     r
                                       a
                                                            d
                  T
                                     r


                                                            d
                                       a
                                       a

                                              i
                                              i

                                                                    l
                                              i
                                                                        x
                                            t
                 • •The contraction and relaxation of
                                                                    l
                                                                    l

                                                                     a
                     h
                                                                     a
                                                                     a
                                    t
                                                            d
                                    t


                                                                 t
                                      e
                                      e
                                                                 t
                                      e
                                                                         h
                                                                         h
                                         s
                                                 t
                                                                         h
                                         s
                                                 t
                                                 t
                                  c
                                                                   o
                                  c
                                  c
                                                          e
                                                                   o
                                                          e
                                                                   o
                                                                       t


                                s
                                s
                                                                           e

                                                                           e
                                                                           e
                                                                       t
                                                                       t
                                                          e
                                         s
                                     l
                                s
                                     l
                                     l
                                               t
                         mu
                         mu
                                            a
                                                        h
                                                                                       e
                                                        h
                         mu
                                                                                          s
                                            a

                                                                                          s
                                                             d
                                                        h
                                                                                          s
                  h



                                                                                       e
                                                                                     n
                                                                                     n

                  h
                  h

                                                                                  o

                                                                                  o
                                                                                  o
                                                             d
                                            a
                                               t
                                                                               b


                                                             d
                                                                 t
                 the muscles attached to the bones

                 t t t
                                                     c
                                                     c
                                                                                       e

                     e

                                               t
                     e

                                                                                     n
                                                     c
                                                   a
                     e
                                                   a
                                                   a
                                                                               b
                                                                               b
                                                                       t
                                                                                       e

                                                                                       e

                                                                       t
                                                    me
                                                                                            .
                                                                                            .


                                                                    f
                 h h h e l p   i n   t h e   mo v e me     n  t   o f   t h e   b o n  e  s .
                                                                    f
                                                           n
                 help in the movement of the bones.
                   e
                                     e
                   e
                                                           n
                                     e
                                                                                          s
                                                              t
                                                              t
                                                                                          s


                                                  e
                           i
                                                  e
                                                                           e
                                t
                                t
                                                                           e



                                                                 o

                             n
                             n
                                                                 o
                                               v
                           i
                                               v
                                                                               b
                                                                               b
                                                                                    n
                                                    me
                                                                         h

                                                                                    n
                                  h
                                  h
                      l
                      l
                                         mo
                                                                                  o
                                                                                  o
                                         mo

                       p
                                                                         h
                       p
                                                            a
                                                                   s
                                            e
                                        c
                                                               c
                                           l

                                                                 t
                                                c
                                                   o

                         e
                                                                        i

                                                                          t
                      h
                                                          r
                  W
                 • •When muscle contracts, it
                                                                     ,
                           n
                                                        t

                                      s
                                                      n
                               mu
                                                    l
                      o
                                                                                    e
                                                    l
                          t
                                                                                 u
                                                                                 u
                          t
                        r
                                                       s
                                                                                    e
                        r
                                                       s
                      o
                   h
                                                                                          o
                   h


                 shortens and pulls the bone due to
                 s s s h o r t e n s   a n d   p u  l l s   t h e   b o n  e   d u  e    t o

                                                                                          o

                                                     l

                                                     l
                                               p

                                               p
                                                               e
                                                                                        t
                                                               e
                                                                                        t
                                                            h
                                                          t
                                                          t
                                                                   b

                                                                     o
                                                                           e
                                                                           e
                                                 u
                                                 u
                                        n
                                        n
                                                            h
                                                                        n
                                                                        n
                                 s

                                 s
                                                                   b
                                                                               d
                                                                               d

                                     a
                                          d
                            e
                            e
                                          d

                               n
                                     a
                                                                     o
                               n




                                                            e


                                                   mo
                                                   mo
                                               e
                                                          v
                                                            e
                                               e
                                                          v

                           h


                           h
                                                                                  o
                                                                                  o
                                                                                j
                                                                                j
                                 h
                                                                          a
                                                                          a
                                 h
                               t
                                                                             t

                               t
                                                                             t
                                                                                        t
                                                                                          .
                    h
                                                                                        t
                                                                                          .
                 which the bone move at that joint.
                 w w w h i c h   t h e   b o n e    mo    v e    a t   t h a t   j o i n t .


                       i
                       i
                        c
                        c
                                                                                    i
                                                                                      n
                    h
                                                                                    i
                                                                                      n



                                                                      t
                                                                a
                                                                a

                                                                   t
                                          o
                                          o
                                       b
                                       b
                                                                   t
                                   e

                                                                        h
                                                                        h
                                   e
                                             n
                                                                      t
                                             n

                                                                                     t
                                                                                     t
                                                                                   i
                                                            u
                                                            u
                                                                l
                                                      y

                                                               l
                                                               l
                                                      y
                                                                l

                                                                            n
                                                                       b
                                                                            n


                                                                          o
                                                                          o
                                                          p
                                                                       b
                                                          p
                                                                               e


                                                                                   i


                                                                   a
                                                                               e

                                                                   a

                                 l
                                 l
                                  e

                                  e
                                                  n
                            s
                            s
                              c
                                                  n
                              c
                                               o
                                           n
                                               o


                                           n
                                      c

                                      c
                                         a
                                         a

                 A A A   mu s c  l e   c a n    o n  l y   p u l l   a   b o n e    i t

                     mu
                                                     l
                                                     l
                 A muscle can only pull a bone it
                     mu
                                      s
                                                                    e
                                                                    e
                                      s
                                                                    e


                                    u

                   a

                                      s
                   a
                   a


                                             a


                                             a
                                                              T
                                                              T
                                             a
                                                              T
                                         h
                                         h

                                         h
                                                                 h
                 c c c
                 cannot push a bone. The muscles
                                                                 h
                                                                 h
                                    u
                                                                                 c
                           o
                                                                                 c
                                                                                 c
                           o
                                                                                     e
                                                                              s
                           o
                                                                                     e
                      n
                                                                                   l
                      n
                      n
                                                                                   l
                        n
                        n
                                                                                   l
                        n
                                                                              s
                                 p
                                                                                       s
                                 p
                                 p
                                                                                       s
                                                                        mu
                                    u
                                                                        mu
                                                                        mu
                              t
                              t
                                                                              s
                              t
                                                                                     e

                                                                                       s


                                                   o

                                                   o
                                                   o

                                                      n
                                                      n

                                                      n
                                                 b
                                                         e
                                                         e
                                                 b
                                                 b
                                                           .
                                                           .
                                                         e
                                                           .



                                             b
                                                                                   i
                                                                                   i
                                                                              p
                                             b
                                                o
                                                o
                                                                              p
                                                                              p
                                                                    k
                                                                    k
                                                                    k
                                                                                   i
                      n
                                        u
                                        u
                                                                        i
                                                                        i
                                                                        i
                      n
                                                                                    r

                      n
                                                                                    r
                                                                                    r
                                        u


                           d
                                                        s






                                                   n
                           d
                           d

                                                                                a
                                                o
                                                   n
                                                        s
                         e
                                             b
                         e
                         e
                                     o
                                                                                a
                                                                                a
                                     o
                                                        s
                                                   n
                                     o
                                 o
                               t
                                                                                        .

                                                                o
                                                                          n
                                                                                        .
                                                                          n
                 j j j
                 joined to our bones work in pairs.
                                                                                        .
                               t
                               t
                  o
                  o



                                                     e

                                                     e
                                                                o
                                                                o

                  o
                                                     e
                     i
                                                                  r

                                                                                      s
                                                                  r
                                                                  r



                                 o

                                 o
                                                                          n
                                          r
                                          r
                                          r
                     i
                     i
                                                                                      s
                                                                                      s
                                                            w
                                                            w
                                                            w
                 W   h e  n    o n e    mu    s c  l e   o f   a   p a i r
                 When one muscle of a pair



                                                     h
                               c
                               c

                            a
                               c

                                                                                      e
                                                   t
                                                                                            f
                                                                                      e
                                                                                            f
                                                   t
                                                                                    l
                                                                                    l
                                                                                    l
                                                                                            f
                                                   t
                                                                                      e
                                                                                          o
                                                                                          o
                                                                                          o
                 contracts, then the other muscle of
                 c c c

                   o
                   o
                   o


                                                                               s
                                                                               s
                          r
                          r
                          r
                                                                               s
                            a
                            a
                                                        e
                                                        e
                                                        e
                        t
                                                     h
                                                     h
                      n
                      n
                      n

                        t
                        t
                                                                                  c
                                                                                  c
                                                                                  c
                                          h
                                   s
                                          h
                                          h
                                        t
                                        t
                                               n
                                               n
                                                                h
                                                                h
                                   s
                                   s

                                                                h


                                        t
                                      ,
                                      ,
                                                                      r
                                                                      r
                                               n
                                      ,


                                                                   e
                                                                   e

                                                                   e

                                                                      r


                                                                         mu
                                                                         mu
                                             e
                                                            o
                                                            o
                                                                         mu
                                                               t
                                                               t
                                                               t
                                             e
                                             e
                                 t
                                 t
                                 t
                                                            o
                 a   p a  i r   i s   r e l a x e d .   A   c o n  t r a c  t e d
                 a pair is relaxed. A contracted
                 mu    s  c l e   c a  n   c o  me       b a  c k    t o   i t s
                 muscle can come back to its
                         i
                                                            y
                                                            y


                                             i


                      g
                                              o
                                              o
                      g
                                             i
                                                        n
                                                                   h
                                                                   h
                                          i
                                          i
                     i
                     i
                                                     o
                                           t
                                                                w
                                                                w
                                           t
                                        s
                                        s
                 o o o r i g i n a l   p o s i t i o n   o n l y   w h e n   t h e
                 original position only when the
                   r

                                                     o

                   r
                         i
                                                                         n
                                     o


                                     o
                                  p
                                  p
                                                                         n
                                                        n
                          n

                                                          l
                                                                             t
                                                                             t
                                                          l

                          n
                                                                      e
                                                                      e
                                l
                                                 n
                                                                               h
                             a
                             a
                                l
                                                                               h
                                                                                 e
                                                                                 e
                                                 n
                                                                                         y
                             mu
                                                    t
                   t
                                                         e
                   t
                                                                             l
                             mu
                                          e
                             mu
                                              o
                                          e
                                          e
                                                         e
                                                                                         y
                                                                                         y
                                                                             l
                                                    t
                                                                             l
                                                                         u

                                                 f
                                                                         u

                                                                         u

                                                             p
                                                             p
                                                    t
                                                 f
                                                 f
                                                             p

                                                               a
                                              o
                                              o
                                                               a
                                                               a
                                                         e
                                                                            l
                                                                            l


                                                                            l
                 o o o
                 other muscle of the pair pulls it by

                                                                                    t
                                                                                    t
                        e

                        e
                        e
                                                                                    t
                                    s
                          r
                          r
                                                                   r
                                                                   r
                          r
                                                                   r









                                                                                  i
                                      c

                                                                                  i
                                      c
                                      c
                                                                                  i
                                         l
                                         l

                                         l


                                                                  i
                                                      h
                                                                                       b
                                                                                       b
                   t
                                                                              s
                                                                              s
                                                      h
                                                                                       b
                                                                              s
                                                                  i
                     h
                                                                  i
                                                                      p
                                    s
                                                                      p
                                                                      p
                     h



                                    s
                                                      h
                     h
                 contracting itself.
                 c o  n t r a  c t i n g    i t s e l f .
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