Page 1 - Microsoft Word - Lesson note-1(Aldehydes, ketones and carboxylic acid)

SUBJECT-CHEMISTRY

CHAPTER-ALDEHYDES,KETONES AND CARBOXYLIC ACIDS.

Preparation of aldehydes & ketones:
1. By oxidation of alcohols: 1 alcoholof  aldyhydes , 2 alcoholof  ketones
o
o
o
o
2. By dehydrogenation of alcohols: 1  OH  aldehydes,2  OH  ketones
Cu/573K
R CH  OH R CHO H



2
2
3. From hydrocarbons:
(i) By ozonolysis of alkene:
(ii) By hydration of alkynes:
All other alkynes  letpmes

Preparation of aldehydes:
1. From acid chlorides:


(i)AlH(i Bu)
2. From nitriles: RCN  RCHO
2
(ii) 2 H O

3 H O

RCN SnCl  HCl RCHO [Stephen reaction]
2
O O
|| ||

(i)DIBAC H
3. From esters: R C O C H   2 5  R C H


(ii)H
2 O
4. From hydrocarbons:
(i) By oxidation of toluene.

(ii) By side chain chlorination followed by hydrolysis of toluene.

(iii) From benzene

Preparation of ketones:
1. From acyl chlorides:





R' COCl R cd  R' CO R CdCl
2
2
2. From nitriles:

3. From benzenes of substituted benzenes:

Chemical properties of aldehydes & ketones: