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LESSON NOTES

BASIC PRINCIPLES AND TECHNIQUES OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY

Organic Chemistry deals with the study of Organic compounds.

Organic compounds are the compounds of carbon except metal carbides, oxides of carbon.

Catenation is the self-linking property of carbon atom to form a large no. of straight chain,
branched chain and ring compounds.

Classification of organic compounds:

IUPAC Nomenclature of organic compounds:

Rules for naming complex Aliphatic compounds (Saturated hydrocarbons or Alkanes):

1. Longest chain rule: Select the longest continuous carbon chain.
2. Numbering of the carbon atoms of the longest chain:
(i)Carbon atoms carrying the first substituent get the lowest possible number.
(ii)If two or more substituents are there numbering is done by lowest set of locants.
(iii) If many substituents are present numbering is done by lowest sum of locants.
3. Substituents are written first in alphabetical order and then parent chain.
4. If different substituents are at equivalent positions, numbering is done in such a way
that the alkyl group which comes first in alphabetical order gets the lowest number.
Rules for naming complex Unsaturated aliphatic compounds (Alkenes and Alkynes):

1. Select the longest continuous carbon chain including double or triple bond.
2. Numbering of carbon atoms is done to give less number to double or triple bond.
3. Substituents are written first, then word root followed by suffix ene or yne.
Rules for naming complex aliphatic compounds containing one functional group:
1. Select the longest continuous carbon chain including functional group.
2. Numbering of carbon atoms is done to give lowest number to functional group.