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SAI INTERNATIONAL SCHOOL
                                                     CLASS – VII

                                     SUB- SOCIAL SCIENCE (HISTORY)


                                                            CH-4 The Mughal Empire

               Sub topic: Who were Mughals?


               (i) The Mughals were descendants of two great lineages of rulers.

                     From their mother’s side, they were descendants of Genghis Khan
                       (died 1227), ruler of the Mongol tribes, China and Central Asia.
                     From their father’s side, they were the successors of Timur (died
                       1404), the ruler of Iran, Iraq and modern-day Turkey.


               (ii) The Mughals did not like to be called Mughal or Mongol. This was
               because Genghis Khan’s memory was associated with the massacre of
               innumerable people. It was also linked with the Uzbegs, their Mongol
               competitors.

               (iii) On the other hand, the Mughals were proud of their Timurid ancestry,
               not least of all because their great ancestor had captured Delhi in 1398.
               They celebrated their genealogy pictorially, each ruler getting a picture
               made of Timur and himself.


               Sub topic: Tradition of Succession


               Babur:

                     The first Mughal emperor, who ascended the throne at Farghana at an age of
                       twelve.
                     He defeated Ibrahim Lodi , the sultan of Delhi at battle of Panipat
                     Defeated Rana Sanga at the battle of Khanwa , defeated Rajputs of Chanderi
                       and controlled areas near Agra & Delhi


               Humayun:


                     Succeeded his father and followed Timurid tradition
                     Faced hostilities from own brothers which weakened his cause against the
                       Afghans
                     He was defeated by Sher Khan at Chausa(1539) & Kanauj(1540)
                     Captured Delhi(1555) with the help of Safavid Shah, Persian king


               Akbar:
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