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SAI International School
                                                  Subject-Chemistry

                                           Ch-Is Matter around us pure?
                          Topic-Separating funnel, sublimation, chromatography
                                                    LESSON NOTE

               Separation of mixtures:
                   1.  Mixtures containing two solids

                     Handpicking                                      Sieving
                     Threshing                                        Magnetic Separation
                     Winnowing                                        Sublimation

                   2.  Mixtures containing a solid and a liquid
                            Insoluble solid and a liquid
                                 a)  Sedimentation                                  c)  Filtration
                                 b)  Decantation                                    d)  Centrifugation
                            Soluble solid and a liquid
                                 a)  Evaporation                                    c)  Chromatography
                                 b)  Crystallisation                                d)  Distillation
                   3.  Mixtures containing two liquids
                            Immiscible liquids
                                 a)  Separating funnel
                            Miscible liquids
                                 a)  Fractional distillation
               Separation of Immiscible liquids: Separating funnel
               It is used to separate a mixture of two immiscible liquids, like oil and water.

               Principle of Separating funnel:When a mixture of two
               immiscible liquids is kept in a separating funnel, the liquids
               separate out in layers depending on their densities with the
               lighter forming the top layer.
               Applications of Separating funnel:


              To separate mixture of oil and water.
              In the extraction of iron from its ore where the lighter slag (molten waste material) is
               removed from the top by to leave the molten iron at the bottom
               of the blast furnace.
               Separation of two solids:  Sublimation:This method is used
               to separate those components from a mixture which can
               sublime on heating.For example: Ammonium chloride, camphor,
               naphthalene etc, can be separated from their mixture by
               sublimation
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