Page 2 - Worksheet 1 Answer

Permanent settlement Mahalwari system
Introduced by Charles Introduced by Holt Mackenzie
Cornwallis in 1793. in 1822.
The revenue rate was fixed The rate of revenue would be
permanently, not to be revised periodically.
increased in future.
Zamindars collected the Headman collected the revenue
revenue from peasants. from peasants

6 Give three problems which arose with the Munro System of fixing 3 29
revenue.
Ans :
 The revenue fixed by the officials were too high which
peasants could not pay.
 Ryots fled the countryside and villages became deserted in
many regions.
 It was felt that the new systems would transform the
peasants into rich farmers, but it failed to happen.

3
What do you understand by permanent settlement system? State any two 5
features of this settlement.
 Lord Cornwallis was the Governor General of India who
introduced Permanent Settlement in 1793
 The Rajas and Talukdars were recognized as zamindars.
 They were asked to collect rent from the pesants and pay revenue
to the company.
 The amount to be paid was fixed permanently, that is, it was not to
be increased ever in future.
Zamindars were supposed to invest in improving the land.
‘The Bengal economy was facing a deep crisis’. Explain the statement.

 Bengal economy was facing a deep crisis because East India
company as diwan did not make any efforts to improve the
condition of agriculture.
 .
 Artisans were deserting village since they were being forced to sell
their goods to the company at low prices.
 Peasant were unable to pay the dues demanded from them by the
company.
 Artisanal production declined and agricultural cultivation showed
signs of collapse.
 Finally, the terrible famine of 1770 killed ten million people in
Bengal.