Page 1 - LN

SAI International School
Session-20-21
Class- VIII
Subject- History
Chapter-2 From Trade To Territory
Sub Topic :War with the Marathas

NOTES

War with the 1. After the defeat of Maratha in battle of Panipat in 1761, they were
Marathas
divided into many states under different chiefs (sardars) belonging
to dynasties such as Sindhia, Holkars, Gaikwad and Bonsle.
2. These chiefs were held together into a small confederacy under a
Peshwa( Principal Minister).
3. Three wars were fought between Marathas and British in
1782,1803-05 and 1817-19. The third war was the decisive war
and after this peshwa was deposed and the sent to the Northern
India on a pension.
4. Now the company had control over the south of vindhiyas.

The claim of 1. As British were proving themselves as the best power across the
Paramountcy
India, this enhanced their desire to rule whole territories and they
started direct conquest under lord Hastings (1813-23).

2. Under Lord Hastings,a new policy of “Paramountcy“was

initiated.Now the company claimed that its authority was
paramount or supreme .

3. British also wanted to secure North West front of their empire in
India. For this they fought wars with Afganisthan and Punjab and
finally won over its territories in 1843 and 1849 respectively.

The Doctrine of 1. Lord Dalhousie,the Governor- General from (1848-1856), devised
Lapse
a policy that came to be known as the Doctrine of Lapse .

2. According to this policy, the rulers who does not have any legal heir
could not pass on their property to the adopted son and it would be
taken over by British.
3. Satara (1848), Sambalpur (1850),Udaipur (1852), Nagpur(1853)
and Jhansi (1854) were annexed by this policy.

Setting up a New
Administration 1. Warren Hastings (The Governor-General from 1773 to 1785)