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SAI INTERNATIONAL SCHOOL, BHUBANESWAR.

                                Class VIII: SOCIAL STUDIES – GEOGRAPHY

                 CHAPTER - 2- LAND, SOIL, WATER, NATURAL VEGETATION AND
                                             WILDLIFE RESOURCES

                                               (VIRTUAL CLASSES)


             NOTES FOR CHAPTER-2- Land, Soil, Water, Natural Vegetation and Wildlife Resources

        SUBTOPIC- Problem of Water Availability and Water conservation:



        Problem of Water Availability:

                 There is water shortage in many regions of the world due to variation in rainfall and over-

                   exploitation and contamination of water sources.
                 Contamination of water can be due to



                     release of untreated or semi-treated sewage
                     Agricultural chemicals

                     Industrial effluents


                      Countries located in climatic zones are most susceptible to droughts and face great

               problems of water scarcity.

                      Global warming and high pace of industrialization also lead to shortage of clean water.


         Conservation of Water Resources:

              Water is a renewable resource but its overuse and pollution makes it necessary to conserve

               water.
              Sewage, agricultural chemicals and industrial waste also pollute the water with nitrates, metals

               and pesticides.

              Various steps can be taken to conserve water and prevent it from getting polluted.
                   1.  Growing more trees since forests slow the surface run-off and restore underground

                       water.
                   2.  Using water harvesting method to save surface runoff.

                   3.  Regularly checking canals that are used for irrigation for any seepage or water.

                   4.  Collecting rain water and storing it for use in harvesting etc.
                   5.  Installing recycling plants to conserve water and stop wastage.

                   6.  Developing better irrigation facilities to conserve water.
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