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MIND MAP- 3- CHAPTER-2 –
                      Land, Soil, Water, Natural Vegetation and Wildlife Resources




                                                      What is soil?

                                                         Thin layer of
                                                      coarse and rough                      Soil profile
                                                          substance                       4 layers of soil
                                                         covering the
                                                        earth’s surface




                                                                                           Soil layers: -

                                                                                            st
                          Types of                                                         1 - Top soil
                                                           SOIL
                              soil                                                         2  - Subsoil
                                                                                            nd
                                                             And
                                                        Its formation                      3 - Weathered
                                                                                            rd

                                                                                           rock
                         Alluvial                                                         4  - Parent rock
                                                                                            th
                         Black

                          Red                            Factors
                          Laterite                    affecting soil
                          Desert
                                                         formation
                          Montane

                                                                                               How is soil

                                                                                                formed ?



                               Parent rock- texture,colour, minerals, etc

                               Climatic conditions-temperature and
                                 rainfalldetermine the rate of weathering                      Through the
                                                                                                process of
                                                                                                weathering.

                               Relief-altitude and slope of land

                               Flora and fauna-rate of humus formation


                               Micro-organism-decomposition of

                                 organic dead matter in soil                               Rocks breakdown
                                                                                           and decay; gets
                               Time-thickness of soil profile                             mixed with organic
                                                                                           matter and
                                                                                           minerals
                                                                                           increasing the
                                                                                           fertility of the soil.
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