For addition: a+(b+c)=(a+b) +c For multiplication: × × = × × . 3 2 7 Eg. = , = − , = 5 7 8 7 3 3 2 2 7 3 3 × × = × − × = − ; × × = × − × = − ; 5 7 8 20 5 7 8 20 × × = × ×