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4. Industrial waste.
Industries and factories produce harmful gases that are released in the atmosphere.

5. Landfills.
Landfills also release carbon dioxide and methane gas that adds to the greenhouse gases.

Effects of Greenhouse Effect.
Some of the major effects of increases greenhouse gases are:
1. Global Warming
It is the phenomenon of gradual increase in the average temperature of the earth's
atmosphere. The main cause of this environmental issue is that increased volumes of
greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide and methane released by the burning of
fossil fuels, emissions from the vehicles, industries, and other human activities.

Effects of Global Warming
The major effects of global warming are.
i. Melting glaciers, early snowmelt, and severe droughts will cause more dramatic
water shortages.
ii. Rising sea levels will lead to coastal flooding. And the coastal areas will be
submerged under the water.
iii. Forestes, farms, and cities will face heat waves, heavy downpours, and
increased flooding. All these factors will damage or destroy agriculture and
fisheries.
iv. Disruption of habitats could lead many plants and animal species to extinction.
v. Allergies, asthma, and infectious disease will become more common due to air
pollution.
2. Depletion of the Ozone layer
The ozone layer protects the earth from harmful ultraviolet rays from the sun. it is found
in the upper regions of the stratosphere. The depletion of the ozone layer results in the
entry of the harmful UV rays of the sun to the earth’s surface that might lead to skin
cancer and can also change the climate drastically.
The major cause of this phenomenon is the accumulation of natural greenhouse gases
including CFCs, carbon dioxide, methane, etc.

Acid Rain
It is the precipitation of acid in the form of rain. When atmospheric pollutants like oxides of
nitrogen and sulphur react with rainwater and come down with the rain, then this results in
Acid Rain.
Causes of Acid Rain
The main causes of acid rain are sulphur and nitrogen particles which get mixed with the wet
components of rain. These particles when mixed with water in clouds results in the formation
of sulphuric acid and nitric acid and comes down as rain. The major sources of these gases
are emissions from vehicles and factories.
Effects of Acid Rain
1. Acid rain is very harmful to agriculture, plants, and animals. It washes away all the nutrients
which are required for the growth and survival of plants. Acid rain affects agriculture, as it
alters the composition of the soil. It can make the soil acidic.
2. Acid rain affects the water bodies and eventually affects the aquatic ecosystem.

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