Page 2 - MM
P. 2
Learning objective: Students will be able to know about the components of soil.
Components of soil
The components of the soil mean what the soil contains. The soil that we touch in our garden
has a grainy and sticky texture. Soil is made up of many things. Let’s see what it contains.
1. Gravel: The lowermost layer of the soil is called gravel. It contains small and uneven
pieces of rocks.
2. Sand: Above the layer of gravel we have a loose grainy particles of rocks known as sand.
These particles are smaller than gravel.
3. Clay: Above the layer of sand is the layer of fine particles known as clay. These are fine
particles which cannot be separated easily.
4. Humus: This is the the topmost layer of soil. It is made by the decomposition of dead
plants and animals that mix with the soil. It consists of nutrients and makes the soil fertile.
Soil also contains air and water. The soil particles traps air and water in between them.
Learning outcome: Students learnt about the components of soil.
