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Lesson Note

Cookies
These are small text files, websites can stores in user’s browser/ computer, it stores
information related to user’s online habits.
Cookies are used
 For sign-in in online-banking website, a cookie remembers login information
 It can be sign in in many website e.g. gmail
 When you change a setting on a website, a cookie stores that setting so it can persist
across page loads and sessions
Cookies can be :
i. First party cookies. stores login id, passwords, auto fill information etc. for some
websites
ii. Third party cookies. stores search history and web browsing history, websites use it for
placing advertisements of interest

HTTP Referrer
Clicking on an advertisement link on a website, loads the web page linked to it and tells the
linked website details of the system/user. Details can be IP address, location, your web browser,
machine type etc. It is known as the HTTP referrer.

Super Cookies
Theseare persistent/evergreen cookies.
They come back even after deleting them. It stores data in multiple places – for example, in
Flash cookies, Silverlight storage, your browsing history, and HTML5 local storage etc.
When a website notices deletion from one location (e.g. web browser) it is repopulated from
the other location.

All IP address/Cookies/HTTP referrer/Super cookies/User agents can leak user’s identity
information to websites and it may be used against the user.
Solution is: Private browsing and Anonymous browsing.

Anonymous browsers
It allow users to view websites without revealing any personal information of the user like their
IP address, machine type, location etc.