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SUBJECT-CHEMISTRY


                                    CHAPTER-BASIC CONCEPTS OF CHEMISTRY


               SUBTOPIC-SOLUTION, CONCENTRATION OF SOLUTION,LIMITING REAGENT
               and STOCHIOMETRY.


               KEY NOTES:

                     A  solution  is  a  homogeneous  mixture  of  two  or  more  substances.  They  are
                       classified into solid. Liquid and gaseous solutions.
                     Percentage –It is the number of parts by mass or volume of a component present
                       in 100 parts by mass or volume of solution.
                                  massofsolu te
                       W  /W %                  100
                                 massofsolu tion
                     Mole  fraction  is  the  ratio  of  number of moles  of  a  particular  component  to  the
                       total number of moles of all the components.
                               n
                              A
                         A
                             n  n B
                              A

                               n
                              B
                         B
                             n  n B
                              A
                     Molarity(M) It is the number of moles of solute present per litre of solution
                                                               
                                                         M  W 1000
                                                                 
                                                               m V
                     Molality (m) It is the number of moles of solute present per 1000 g. of solvent
                                                             W
                                                      m      B     1000
                                                          M   W A
                                                            B
                     Normality (N) It is the number of gm equivalents of solute dissolved per litre of
                       solution
                                                         N  W B    1000
                                                             E B   V
                                                            M
                     Relation between M and mm                       1000
                                                                
                                                             
                                                          
                                                     (1000 d M M )
                                                                   B

                     Limiting reagent- The reactant which consumes first in the reaction and limits the
                       formation of products is called a limiting reagent.
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