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Class 11 History Notes Chapter 4 The


               Central Islamic Lands



               July 22, 2019 by Bhagya



               Class 11 History Notes Chapter 4 The Central

               Islamic Lands



                    Prior to the rise of Islam, Arabia was quite backward socially, politically,
                     economically and religiously in the 7th century.
                    Before the rise of Islam, Arabia was dominated by the Bedouins, a nomadic tribe.
                    Family was the basic unit of the Arabian society. Patriarchal family system was
                     prevalent in which the head of the family was the eldest male member.
                    The position of the women in the society was very deplorable.
                    Date-palm and milk were the main constituents of their food items.
                    Institution of slavery was also prevalent in the society. The slaves were treated
                     ruthlesslyand were severely punished if broke the social norms. k
                    Prior to the rise of Islam, the trade was not much developed. It was because
                     Bedouins Iwere always indulged in loot and plunder and trade routes were not
                     safe.
                    The principle of‘Might is right’ prevailed in the society prior to the rise of Islam,
                     because there was lack of a central authority.
                    Prophet Muhammad is regarded as one of the greatest personalities in the world
                     history. He was born at Mecca in 570.
                    Reciting Raima, Namaz, Rauja, Zakat and Hajj are five pillars of Islam.
                    Islam laid special stress on the principle of equality and believed that all men are
                     the descendants of Allah.
                    Islam strongly opposed idol worship.
                    The successors of Prophet Muhammad were called Khalifas (Caliphs).
                    The main duties of the Khalifas were to safeguard and spread Islam.
                    The Umayyad dynasty was founded by Muawiya in 661. The rule of this dynasty
                     continued till 750.
                    The Abbasids came to power in 750. The foundation of Abbasids dynasty was laid
                     down by Abu-ol-Abbas in 750.
                    9th century witnessed the downfall of the Abbasid empire. Taking the advantage
                     of this, several sultanates emerged.
                    The economic condition of Islamic world, during the medieval period was very
                     prosperous.
                    During medieval period, a new sect arose among the people having faith in
                     Islamic doctrines, known as sufi sect.
                    The Sufis were liberal in their thought and they dedicated their lives for the service
                     of humanity and propagation of Islam.
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