Page 2 - LN

For e.g- In a class interval, 10-15 only item would be included in between
10-14.The UL ,that is, 15 will be excluded.Any item of the value of 15

would be included in the next class that is 15-20.
2. Inclusive series:In this series both the LL and UL of a CI are included in
that class itself

OR
An inclusive series is that series which includes all items up to its upper
limit.

For e.g.-10-14, 15-19,20-24 and so on; So that the items between 10 to 14
would be included in 10-14 class and item in between 15-19 would be
included in 15 to 19,here LL and UL are included in their respective class
only.

 Conversion of inclusive series into exclusive series:
Steps-

1. First find the difference between the UL of CI and LL of the next class.
2. Half of that difference is added to the UL of a class and half is subtracted
from the LL of the class interval.
For eg.

Inclusive series
C.I. f
10-14 4
15-19 9
20-24 7
25-29 4
Total 20
Steps:
st
 UL of the 1 class is 14.
 LL of the next class is 15.
 The difference is 15-14 = 1.

 Half the difference ½ = 0.5
 Add 0.5 UL of the class.
 Subtract 0.5 LL of the class.
Exclusive series

C.I. f
9.5-14.5 4
14.5-19.5 5