Page 4 - WS 2

(v) There shall be no religious instruction in the government educational institutions.

11. How caste barriers are breaking down in India? / What factors have brought about a
change in the Indian Caste system in modern times? Explain.
i. Leaders promoted casteless society - Due to the work of political leaders and social
reformers like Jotiba Phule, Gandhiji, B.R. Ambedkar and Periyar Ramaswami Naicker
who advocated establishing a society in which caste inequalities are absent.
ii. Constitutional provisions -like right to equality and prohibition of practice of
untouchability.
iii. Socio economic changes had reduced caste emphasis- Like
a) Weakening of landlord system
b) economic development – due to the process of industrialisation
c) growth of literacy and education ,
d) Spread of Literacy
e) Policy of reservation- Caste based politics
iv. Occupational mobility - People shifting from one occupation to another. A new
generation taking up a new occupation.
v. Large scale Urbanisation – In urban areas it does not matter who is walking along next to
us on a street or eating at the next table in a restaurant.