Page 2 - 1-Lesson Notes-X-Geo-Ch-4-Sub Topic-2

Plantation Agriculture: It is a form of commercial farming in which a
single crop is grown over a large tract of land. Tea, coffee, rubber,
sugarcane etc. are all commercial crops.
Orchard Farming: An orchard is an intentional planting of trees or shrubs
that is maintained for food production. Orchards comprise fruit- or nut-
producing trees which are generally grown for commercial production.
Orchards are also sometimes a feature of large gardens, where they serve
an aesthetic as well as a productive purpose.
Horticulture: Horticulture has been defined as the agriculture of plants,
mainly for food, materials, comfort and beauty for decoration.

Difference between Primitive Subsistence and Intensive Subsistence

Factors Primitive Subsistence Intensive Subsistence
Land Size Small Plot of land Large plot of land
Labour Type Family members Family members and hired
Workers.
Capital Cost Low capital Input High Capital input
Types of Fertilizers Natural Fertilizers Chemical Fertilizers
Tools / Machines Primitives tools like hoe, day Primitive as well as high
and digging sticks technology tools/machines.
Level of Technology Low level High level
O Output For own / family use For sale
Irrigation Depends upon monsoon Depends upon irrigation
Fertility of Land Depends on natural fertility of Uses of fertilsers, chemicals and
land. pesticides.