Page 1 - 1-Lesson Notes-X-Geo-Ch-4-Sub Topic-2

SAI INTERNATIONAL SCHOOL
SESSION 2020-21
CLASS-X
GEOGRAPHY- Ch-4-Agriculture
NOTES
Sub Topic-2- Types of Farming (Contd...)

1. Sub Topic- Types of Farming (Contd...)

Types of Farming
• Primitive Subsistence Farming
Practiced on small patches of land.
Involves family/community labour.
Uses primitive tools such as hoe, digging sticks etc.
Predominance of manual labour.
Dependent on rainfall for irrigation.
Artificial fertilizers and technology is not used.
Slash and burn agriculture: It is a primitive system of farming in which
a piece of land is cleared of vegetation by slashing and burning and is
then cultivated. When the fertility of soil decreases, farmers leave that
land and move to a new piece of land. This allows the left land to regain
its fertility naturally. It is widely prevalent among the tribes of Assam,
Meghalaya, Chhattisgarh and Andaman Nicobar Islands. It is also called
‘jhumming’ or shifting cultivation.
• Intensive Subsistence Farming
Practiced in areas of high population density.
Maximum output is generated from a small piece of land for meeting
the demands of a large population.
Labour intensive farming.
High doses of chemical fertilizers and irrigation are used for
increasing production.
• Commercial Farming
Use of HYV seeds, chemical fertilizers and pesticides.
Done for profit motive.
Cash crops instead of food crops are cultivated.
Commercial Grain Farming: Commercial grain farming is an extensive
and mechanised form of agriculture. It was the invention of farm
machinery which enabled farmers to cultivate grain on a large scale.
Mix Farming: Mixed farming is a type of farming which involves both the
growing of crops and the raising of livestock. This type of farming is
practiced across Asia and in countries such as India, Malaysia, Indonesia,
Afghanistan, South Africa, China, Central Europe, Canada, and Russia.