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1.  Sub Topic- Types of Farming (Contd...)

                    Types ofFarming
                            Primitive SubsistenceFarming
                                   Practiced on small patches ofland.
                                   Involves family/communitylabour.
                                   Uses primitive tools such as hoe, digging sticksetc.
                                   Predominance of manuallabour.
                                   Dependent on rainfall forirrigation.
                                   Artificial fertilizers and technology is not used.
                                   Slash and burn agriculture: It is a primitive system of farming inwhich
                                    a piece of land is cleared of vegetation by slashing and burning and is
                                    then cultivated. When the fertility of soil decreases, farmers leave that
                                    land and move to a new piece of land. This allows the left land to regain
                                    its fertility naturally. It is widely prevalent among the tribes of Assam,
                                    Meghalaya, Chhattisgarh and Andaman Nicobar Islands. It is also called
                                    ‘jhumming’ or shiftingcultivation.
                            Intensive SubsistenceFarming
                                   Practiced in areas of high population density.
                                   Maximum output is generated from a small piece of land for
                                    meetingthe demands of a largepopulation.
                                   Labour intensivefarming.
                                   High doses of chemical fertilizers and irrigation are used
                                    forincreasing production.
                            CommercialFarming
                                   Use of HYV seeds, chemical fertilizers andpesticides.
                                   Done for profitmotive.
                                   Cash crops instead of food crops arecultivated.
                               Commercial Grain Farming:Commercial grain farming is an extensive
                               and mechanised form of agriculture. It was the invention of farm
                               machinery which enabled farmers to cultivate grain on a large scale.
                               Mix Farming:Mixed farming is a type of farming which involves both the
                               growing of crops and the raising of livestock. This type of farming is
                               practiced across Asia and in countries such as India, Malaysia, Indonesia,
                               Afghanistan, South Africa, China, Central Europe, Canada, and Russia.
                               Plantation Agriculture: It is a form of commercial farming in which a
                               single cropis grown over a large tract ofland. Tea, coffee, rubber,
                               sugarcane etc. are all commercialcrops.
                               Orchard Farming:An orchard is an intentional planting of trees or shrubs
                               that is maintained for food production. Orchards comprise fruit- or nut-
                               producing trees which are generally grown for commercial production.
                               Orchards are also sometimes a feature of large gardens, where they serve
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