Page 2 - CBQ_X_History_Ch.1-Worksheet-1__2025-26

10 The Habsburg Empire that ruled over Austria-Hungary, for example, 4

was a patchwork of many different regions and peoples. It included
the Alpine regions – the Tyrol, Austria and the Sudetenland – as well as
Bohemia,where the aristocracy was predominantly German-speaking.
It also included the Italian-speaking provinces of Lombardy and
Venetia. In Hungary, half of the population spoke Magyar while the
other half spoke a variety of dialects. In Galicia, the aristocracy spoke
Polish. Besides these three dominant groups, there also lived within
the boundaries of the empire, a mass of subject peasant peoples –
Bohemians and Slovaks to the north, Slovenes in Carniola, Croats to

the south, and Roumans to the east in Transylvania. Such differences
did not easily promote a sense of political unity. The only tie binding
these diverse groups together was a common allegiance to the
emperor.

10.1 Which language was spoken by half of the population in Hungary
during the Habsburg Empire?
10.2 What was the only common tie that bound the diverse groups in
the Habsburg Empire?
10.3 Why was political unity difficult to achieve in the Habsburg
Empire? Explain with examples from the passage.
11 Explain how the social conditions in Europe in the mid-18th century 5
became a major factor for rise of nationalism in Europe?
12 How did Romanticism contribute to the development of nationalist 5
sentiment in 18th- and 19th-century Europe? Illustrate your answer
with examples of key figures and cultural practices.