Page 1 - Lesson Notes-Euclid Definitions,Axioms and Postulates Ch-5(Introduction to Euclid')

SAI International School
CLASS - IX

Mathematics
CHAPTER-5: INTRODUCTION TO EUCLID’S GEOMETRY

Lesson Notes-1

SUB TOPIC: EUCLID’S DEFINITIONS, AXIOMS AND POSTULATES

INTRODUCTION:

Introduction to
Euclidean Geometry

History of Euclid Geometry

The excavations at Harappa and Mohenjo-Daro depict the extremely well-planned
towns of Indus Valley Civilization (about 3300-1300 BC). The flawless construction of
Pyramids by the Egyptians is yet another example of extensive use of geometrical
techniques used by the people back then. In India, the Sulbasutras, textbooks on
Geometry depict that the Indian Vedic Period had a tradition of Geometry.

The development of geometry was taking place gradually, when Euclid, a teacher of
mathematics, at Alexandria in Egypt, collected most of these evolutions in geometry
and compiled it into his famous treatise, which he named ‘Elements’.

Plane geometry

1. Congruence of triangles
2. Similarity of triangles
3. Areas
4. Pythagorean theorem

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