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SAI INTERNATIONAL SCHOOL
SESSION 2020-21
CLASS-IX

ECONOMICS- CHAPTER-3 POVERTY AS A CHALLENGE

LESSON NOTES
SUB TOPIC-4
Vulnerable Groups and Inter-State Disparities

 Social groups, vulnerable to poverty are Scheduled Caste and Scheduled
Tribe.
 Similarly, among the economic groups, the most vulnerable groups are the
rural agricultural labour households and urban casual labour households.
 According to a recent study, except scheduled tribe, all the other three groups
(i.e. scheduled castes, rural agricultural labourers and the urban casual labour
households) have seen a decline in poverty in the 1990s.

Inter-State Disparities
 In India, the proportion of poor people is not the same in every state.
 Bihar and Odisha continued to be the two poorest states with poverty ratios of
33.7 and 32.6 percent respectively.
 Urban poverty is high in Odisha, Madhya Pradesh, Bihar and Uttar Pradesh.
 Kerala, Maharashtra, Andhra Pradesh, Tamil Nadu, Gujarat and West Bengal
saw a decline in poverty.
 Punjab and Haryana have traditionally succeeded in reducing poverty with the
help of high agricultural growth rates.
 Kerala has focused more on human resource development.
 In West Bengal, land reform measures have helped in reducing poverty.
 In Andhra Pradesh and Tamil Nadu, public distribution of food grains is
responsible for the improvement.