Page 2 - Lesson Notes_CL-9-Geo_CH-5-SUB-TOPIC-4

At high altitudes, generally, more than 3,600 metres above the sea level, temperate forests
and grasslands give way to the Alpine vegetation.

Silver fir, junipers, pines and birches are the common trees of these forests.
Through shrubs and scrubs, they merge into the Alpine grasslands. These are used

extensively for grazing by nomadic tribes, like the Gujjars and the Bakarwals.
At higher altitudes, mosses and lichens form part of tundra vegetation.

The common animals found in these forests are Kashmir stag, spotted dear, wild sheep,

jack rabbit, Tibetan antelope, yak, snow leopard, squirrels, Shaggy horn wild ibex, bear
and rare red panda, sheep and goats with thick hair.

Mangrove Forests

 The mangrove tidal forests are found in the areas of coasts influenced by tides. Mud and silt
get accumutated on such coasts.

 Dense mangroves are the common varieties with roots of the plants submerged under
water.

 The deltas of the Ganga, the Mahanadi, the Krishna, the Godavari and the Kaveri are

covered by such vegetation.
 In the Ganga-Brahmaputra delta, sundari trees are found, which provide durable hard timber.

 Palm, coconut, keora, agar, etc., also grow in some parts of the delta.

 Royal Bengal Tiger is the famous animal in these forests.
 Turtles, crocodiles, gharials and snakes are also found in these forests.