Page 2 - 2. Lesson notes- Mineral riches in the soil

ii. Chemical Processes

The chemical processes include hydration, hydrolysis, oxidation, and reduction. The acidic

substances derived from the decomposition of organic matter break down the complex
compounds into simpler substances.

iii. Biological Processes

• The lichens growing on the rocks release certain chemicals that break down the rock

into a fine powder and form a thin layer of soil.

• The mosses also grow on the rock surface and further break the rock. The roots of the
trees get into the cracks of the rocks and force them to widen, thereby, breaking the

rocks.

• The soil contains the remains of dead plants and animals called humus. It is home for a
variety of microorganisms.