Page 4 - 2.Lession Notes-Introduction, Classification and Evolution

Binomial Nomenclature

• The Binomial Nomenclature system is a formal system of naming that was
introduced by a scientist Carolus Linnaeus.
• He is regarded as the founder of modern taxonomy.
• His books are considered as the beginning of modern biological
nomenclature. Book Systema naturae was written by Carolus Linnaeus.
• According to this system, each organism is known my two names –
the Genus name and the species name

Some rules that are followed while writing these names are mentioned here under.
• These names are all written in Latin.
• The name of the genus always begins with a capital letter.

• The species name begins with a small letter.

• The scientific names are always italicized.

• When handwritten, the genus name and species name have to be underlined.

A few examples of names of organisms written in this system
• Homo sapiens ( Human Beings)
• Panthera tigris (Tiger)
• Mangifera indica (Mango Plant)

.Classification and evolution

• The present day complex living organisms have evolved from the earlier
simple forms due to the changes in their body designs over millions of years.

• The body designs of living organisms are gradually changing due to the
changes in environment and the need to adapt themselves to the changes in
the environment.
• Lower’ or ‘primitive’ organisms are the organisms having the ancient body
type and seem to have not changed over the years.
• ‘Higher’ or ‘advanced’ organisms are those who are relatively recent and have
acquired their particular body designs.