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( dj.k  )means-  The instrument of the number and gender  of the

                    subject for doing the action.

                    Examples- vga dyesu fy[kkfe A


                    vga Ckl;kusu xfe”;kfe A


                            vga iknkH;ke~ pykfe A


                        q
                           Z
                                            q
                    prFkh foHkfDr&^prFkhZfoHkfDr* Represents ‘TO WHOM’or ‘FOR
                    WHOM on the verb in the sentence’. In other words ^prqFkhZ foHkfDr*
                    (lEiznku) FOR  WHOM  Subject is doing action.


                                               q
                    Examples-vga rLEkS ijLdkja nnkfe A

                            oS|% :X.kk; vkS”k/ka ;PNfr A


                    /kfud% fu/kZuk; /kua ;PNrq A


                    Iakpeh  foHkfDr&^IakpehfoHkfDr* Represents ‘FROM WHOM

                    WHAT  and FROM WHERE’ on the verb in the sentence. In other
                    words IakpehfoHkfDr*(viknku dkjd ) meansseparation of the action.


                    Examples-  o`{kkr~ Qykfu irfUr  A


                            Lk% ioZrkr~ ifrr%  A


                    Xk`gkr~ Ckfg% okfVdk vfLr  A


                    “k”Bh  foHkfDr&^“k”BhfoHkfDr* Represents ‘WHOSE’ on the verb in the

                    sentence.In other words “k”BhfoHkfDr(lECkU/k dkjd ) *means

                    Relation with the subject.


                    Examples -n’kjFkL; i=% A
                                                q

                    pUnzL; ‘kksHkk A

                    lw;ZL; mn;% A
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