Page 2 - SLRC-std 8-Geog-Chap-5-Industries-Subtopic-1-Intro-LN

A) Cottage or household industries are a type of small scale industry where the products are

manufactured by hand, by the artisans. Ex.Basket weaving, Pottery and Other handicrafts .

Small scale industries use lesser amount of capital and technology as compared to large
scale industries that produce large volumes of products. Silk weaving and food processing industries

are small scale industries.

B) Investment of capital is higher and the technology used is superior in large scale industries.
Production of automobiles and heavy machinery are large scale industries.

OWNERSHIP: Industries can be classified into private sector, state owned or public sector, joint

sector and cooperative sector.
• Private sector industries- are owned and operated by individuals or a group of individuals.

• The public sector industries are owned and operated by the government, such as

Hindustan Aeronautics Limited and Steel Authority of India Limited.
• Joint sector industries- are owned and operated by the state and individuals or a group of

individuals. Maruti Udyog Limited is an example of joint sector industry.

• Co-operative sector industries- are owned and operated by the producers or suppliers of
raw materials, workers or both. Anand Milk Union Limited and Sudha Dairy are a success

stories of a co-operative venture.

Factors affecting location of industries
The factors affecting the location of industries are the availability of raw material, land, water, labour,

power, capital, transport and market. Industries are situated where some or all of these factors are

easily available. Sometimes, the government provides incentives like subsidized power, lower
transport cost and other infrastructure so that industries may be located in backward areas.

Industrialization often leads to development and growth of towns and cities.

Industrial system

An industrial system consists of inputs, processes and outputs. The inputs are the raw materials,

labour and costs of land, transport, power and other infrastructure. The processes include a wide
range of activities that convert the raw material into finished products. The outputs are the end

product and the income earned from it. In case of the textile industry the inputs may be cotton,
human labour, factory and transport cost. The processes include:

➢ Ginning
➢ Spinning

➢ Weaving

➢ dyeing and
➢ printing

XXXXX0XXXXX