Page 1 - SLRC-std 8-Geog-Chap-5-Industries-Subtopic-1-Intro-LN

SAI INTERNATIONAL SCHOOL, BHUBANESWAR.
Class VIII: SOCIAL STUDIES – GEOGRAPHY

CHAPTER - 5- INDUSTRIES

(VIRTUAL CLASSES)

NOTES FOR CHAPTER-5- INDUSTRIES

SUBTOPIC- INTRODUCTION.- CLASSIFICATION OF INDUSTRIES

Industry- refers to an economic activity that is concerned with production of goods, extraction of
minerals or the provision of services. Thus we have:

❖ Iron and steel industry ====➔production of goods
❖ Coal mining industry =====➔ extraction of coal and

❖ Tourism industry =====➔service provider

Secondary activities or manufacturing change raw materials into products of more value to

people The finished product has more value and utility than the raw material that it is made from.

Classification of industries:

Industries can be classified on the basis of raw materials, size and ownership.

RAW MATERIALS: Industries may be agro based, mineral based, marine based and forest based

depending on the type of raw materials they use.
Agro based industries- use plant and animal based products as their raw materials.

Food processing, Vegetable oil, Cotton textile, Dairy products and Leather industries are
examples of agro-based industries.

Mineral based industries- are primary industries that use mineral ores as their raw materials
for the manufacture of a number of other products, such as heavy machinery, building materials and

railway coaches.

Marine based industries use products from the sea and oceans as raw materials. Industries
processing sea food or manufacturing fish oil are some examples.

Forest based industries utilize forest produce as raw materials. The industries associated

with forests are pulp and paper, pharmaceuticals, furniture and buildings.

SIZE: It refers to the amount of capital invested, number of people employed and the volume

of production. Based on size, industries can be classified into small scale and large scale

industries.