Page 2 - 2.Lesson Notes-The Growth of Mass Nationalism-181211110211

(i) In 1919, the government passes the Rowlatt Act and empowered the

provincial government to search any place and arrest any person whom it
suspected without a warrant.

(ii) Gandhiji launched a Satyagraha against the Rowlatt Act which curbed
the fundamental rights such as the freedom of expression and
strengthened police powers.

(iii) Mahatma Gandhi and Mohammad Ali Jinnah criticized the act as
‘devilish’ and tyrannical.

(iv) In April 1919, a nation-wide hartal was launched and government used
brutal measures to suppress them. The Jallianwala Bagh massacre
inflicted by General Dyer in Amritsar on Baisakhi day was a part of this
repression.

i) On April 13th, 1919, on the day of Baisakhi, people gathered at
The Jallianwala Jallianwala Bagh for celebration and for public meeting.
Bagh Massacre

ii) General Dyer, a British officer entered Jallianwala Bagh locked all the
entries and ordered his troops to start firing at the crowd.

iii) Thousands of people were killed.

iv) The country was shocked by this incident.

v) All national leaders protested strongly against this cruel act.

Khilafat Khilafat Agitation and the Non-Cooperation Movement:
Agitation and the
Non-Cooperation (i) In 1920, the British imposed a harsh treaty on the Turkish Sultan or
Movement: Khalifa and he was deprived of his political powers and authority.
(ii) The Khilafat Movement was launched by Mohammad Ali and Shaukat
Ali who wished to initated a full-fledged Non-Cooperation Movement
against the British under the leadership of Gandhiji and demanded Swaraj.

(iii) In 1921-22, the Non-Cooperation Movement gained momentum.
Thousands of students left government controlled schools and colleges.
Many lawyers such as Moti Lal Nehru, C.R. Das, C. Rajagopalachari and
Asaf Ali gave up their practices.

People’s (i) In Kheda, Gujarat, Patidar peasants organized non-violent campaigns
Initiatives