Page 2 - 2.Lesson Notes-The Emergence of Nationalism-181211110111

Chandra Dutt, S. Subramania Iyer, Pherozeshah Mehta, and Badruddin
Tyabji.

A Nation in the A Nation in the Making:
Making: (i) Indian National Congress has 2 groups, namely- Moderates and
Radicals.

• Moderates were those who believed in pleading with the British
government to bring about reforms.
• Radicals were those who wanted to oppose the British strongly;
they were in favor of strikes & boycott.

(ii) A greater voice for Indians in the government and in administration was
their demand.

(iii) It demanded the separation of judiciary from the executive, the repeal
(abolition) of Arms Act and freedom of speech and expression.

Freedom is Our Freedom is Our Birth Right:
Birth Right:
(i) In Bengal, Maharashtra, and Punjab, leaders such as Bipin Chandra

Pal, Bal Gangadhar Tilak and Lala Lajpat Rai was popularly known as ‘Lal,
Bal, Pal’, strongly criticized the policies of the colonial government.

(ii) They demanded ‘Swaraj’. Tilak declared, ‘Freedom is my birthright
and I shall have it’.
(iii) In 1905, Viceroy Curzon announced the partition of the biggest
province British of India, Bengal which included Bihar and parts of Odisha.

(iv) The partition of Bengal infuriated people all over India. Both, the
moderates and the radicals protested the partition.

(v) Large public meetings and demonstrations were organized; People in
order to show that they are united tied ‘rakhi’ on each other’s wrist and
celebrated ‘Raksha Bandhan’ and this led to the birth of Swadeshi
Movement.