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 It's not my book = It is not my book.
 My house is big. It's got five bedrooms = It has got five bedrooms.
 Nancy and Alan are from New York. They're my friends = They are my friends.
 Please, put the chair there. (adverb)
What are demonstratives?
Demonstratives are words that show which person or thing is being referred to. In the sentence:
'This is my brother',
'this' is a demonstrative
The demonstratives in English are this, that, these, and those
Demonstrative pronouns vs demonstrative adjectives

A distinction must be made between demonstrative adjectives (or demonstrative determiners)
and demonstrative pronouns (or independent demonstratives).
A demonstrative adjective modifies a noun:
This apple is good. I like those houses. (This modifies 'apple' and those modifies 'houses')
A demonstrative pronoun stands on its own, replacing rather than modifying a noun:
This is good. I like those. (This and those don't modify any nouns they stand alone and replace
other nouns)
Use of demonstratives
Demonstratives differ according to:

 distance: near or far,
 or number: singular or plural.
Here are the main distinctions:

 This modifies or refers to singular nouns that are near to the speaker.
 That modifies or refers to singular nouns that are far from the speaker.
 These modifies or refers to plural nouns that are near to the speaker.
 Those modifies or refers to plural nouns that are far from the speaker.

Demonstratives Singular Plural Near Far

This - -

That - -

These - -

Those - -

What are quantifiers?
A quantifier is a word or phrase which is used before a noun to indicate the amount or quantity:
'Some', 'many', 'a lot of' and 'a few' are examples of quantifiers.
Quantifiers can be used with both countable and uncountable nouns.
Examples:
There are some books on the desk
He's got only a few dollars.
How much money have you got?
There is a large quantity of fish in this river.
He's got more friends than his sister.