Page 2 - LN- INDIAN POLITICS TRENDS AND DEVELOPMENTS

7. The Mandal Issue started with the national front government's decision to

implement the recommendation of Mandal Commission that jobs in central

government should be reserved for other backward classes leading to violent anti-

mandal protest in country between supporters and opponents of OBC reservations.

8. The constituents of Janata Party like Bharatiya Kranti Dal and the 'Samyukt

Socialist Party' had a powerful rural base among some sections of the OBCs as

well as BAMCEF, i.e. Backward and Minority Classes Employees Federation was

formed m 1978 taking strong position in favour of political power to Bahujan-the

SC, ST, OBCs and minorities. It resulted the rise of the (BSP) Bahujan Samaj

Party under the leadership of Kanshi Ram.

9. Hindutva literally means Hinduism defined by its originator V.D. Savarkar as

basis of Indian nationhood to be members of Indian nation everyone must not only

accept India as their fatherland 'Pitrubhu' but also as their hold land 'Punyabhu'.

10. The Bahujan Samaj Party (BSP) emerged under the leadership of Kanshi Ram.

11. Ayodhya Issue was started with the demolition of the Bahri Masjid in Ayodhya

in December 1992 to symbolise various changes m politics and debates about

Indian nationalism and secularism. These developments are associated with the rise

of BJP and Politics of' Hindutva'.

12. The Political processes after the 1990s, showed the emergence of broadly four

groups of parties i.e. parties in coalition with Congress, parties in alliance with

BJP, left front parties, others who are not part of the rest to make political

competition multi-concerned.

13. The Anti-Muslim Riots took place in the form of violence against Muslims
through an incident at a station called Godhra 2002 when a bogey, full of

Karsevaks was set on fire and suspected the hand of Muslims in it. Human Rights
Commission criticised Gujarat government's role in failing to control violence and