Page 1 - Lessonnote_ Change and Development in Industrial Society

Class-XII

Chapter-12

Book-2

Change and Development in Industrial Society

Lesson Notes

There are several classes in a city. Elite, upper class, upper middle class, middle class, lower
middle class, lower class and below poverty line.

• Although we do share common infrastructure (walk facilities, monuments).
• But there are differences, as people are recognised on the basis of acclaimed status e.g.,
Bollywood actors, actresses, directors etc. Only the actors reap the benefits and the stunt
artists, dancer, etc are not noticed.
• Marketing, advertisements, trailers have really helped Bollywood.
• Different classes of people who eat at all different places, some eat at 5 star restaurants
while some eat on the roadside.
• Major changes occurring in a city in urban areas can be attributed to science and

technology.
• The professions that the women would choose were quite limited (teachers, nurses) but

now there are many options but some fields are male dominated as fighter pilots.
• Because of science and technology a lot of disparities have been bridged.
• A lower class can became an upper class by working hard.
• Even today society depends upon the people inhibiting the place, the area

Social features associated with industrialisation
Thinkers like Karl Marx, Max Weber and Emile Durkheim associated a number of social
features with industry such as:
➢ Urbanisation, The loss of face-to-face relationships that were found in rural areas where
people worked on their own farms or for a landlord they knew, and their substitution by

anonymous professional relationships in modern factories and workplaces.
Industrialisation involves a detailed division of labour.
➢ People often do not see the end result of their work because they are producing only one
small part of a product.
➢ The work is repetitive and exhausting. But even this is better than having no work at all,
i.e., being unemployed. Marx called this situation alienation, when people do not enjoy
work, and see it as something they have to do only in order to survive, and even that
survival depends on whether the technology has room for any human labour.