Page 6 - Lessonnote_Structural Change

Urbanisation And Industrialisation

The Colonial Experience

Two structural changes brought about by colonialism.
1) Industrialization
2) Urbanization

1) Industrialization
• It refers to emergence of machine production based on the use of
inanimate power resource like steam, or electricity.

• A prime feature of industrial societies today is that a large majority of
the employed population work in factories, offices or shops rather than

agriculture.
• Over 90 per cent of people in the west live in towns and cities, where
most jobs are to be found and new job opportunities are created.

• Not surprisingly, therefore, we usually associate urbanisation with
industrialisation. They often do occur together but not always so.

De-industrialization :

It is a process of social and economic change caused by the removal or
reduction of industrial activity in a region.

In India the impact of the very same British industrialisation led to
deindustrialization in some sectors.
➢ Decline of old urban centres. Just as manufacturing boomed in Britain,

traditional exports of cotton and silk manufactures from India declined
in the face of Manchester competition.

➢ This period also saw the further decline of cities such as Surat an
Masulipatnam while Bombay and Madras grew.

➢ Cities were an expression of global capitalism.