Page 2 - LN-CH 9

III. Fishery is an industry, which includes catching, processing or selling of fish, shellfish and
other aquatic animals like prawn, crab, lobster, edible oysfegr, etc…
(i) The common freshwater fishes are catla, rohu and common carp.
(ii) Some of the marine fishes that are eaten include Hilsa, Sardines^ Mackerel and
Pomfrets.
(iii) Fisheries provides income and employment to millions of fishermen and farmers,
especially in coastal states in Indian economy.
(iv) To meet the increasing demand on fisheries, different techniques like aquaculture and
pisciculture are applied.
(v) Blue revolution is the movement launched to increase the production of fish and fish
products. It is being implemented in the same lines as green revolution.
IV. Animal breeding is an important part of animal husbandry. It aims to increase the yield of
animals and improve the desirable qualities of produce.
(i) A breed is a group of animals related by descent and similar in most characters like
general appearance, features, size, configuration, etc.
(ii) Breeding can be divided as given iii the chart below:

(a) Inbreeding refers to the mating between closely related individuals within the same breed
for 4-6 generations.
The strategies for inbreeding are as follow:
• Identifying superior males and females of the same breed. They are mated in pairs.
• Evaluation of progeny obtained from the above mating to identify superior males and
females among them.
• A superior female, in case of cattle, is the cow or buffalo that produces more milk per
lactation. A superior male is bull, which gives rise to superior progeny as compared to other
males.
Effects of inbreeding are:
• It is used to evolve a pureline (inbreeding increases homozygosity).
• Harmful recessive genes are exposed by inbreeding, which are then eliminated by the
selection.
• Superior genes can be accumulated by inbreeding, the undesirable genes.
• Productivity of inbreed population is increased by selection at every step.
• Continued inbreeding reduces fertility and even productivity. This is called inbreeding
depression.
• In this case, selected animals of the breeding population are mated with unrelated superior
animals of the same breed. This helps to restore fertility and yield.
(b) Outbreeding is the breeding of unrelated animals, either of the same breed but not having