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an athlete’s muscles. This can improve stamina and performance, particularly in long
distance events.
Gene doping: It is the non-therapeutic use of cells, genes, genetic elements or of the
modulation of gene expression, having the capacity to improve athletic performance.
Increasing muscle growth, blood production, endurance, and pan-resistance. In such
cases, nothing unusual would enter the bloodstream. So officials would detect
nothing in blood or wine test. Some viruses target certain organ, such as kidney, liver.
Therefore only samples are taken from these area’s that could lead to detection.

PROHIBITED SUBSTANCES AND METHODS
Substances prohibited at all times.

• Stimulants

• Narcotics

• Steroids

• Growth hormones

• Beta Blockers

• Diuretics

• Blood doping
Methods prohibited at all times or in or out of competition: The following
methods are prohibited at all times.

• Blood doping

• Gene doping

Responsibilities of Athletes

• Remain indirect observation of the Doping Control Officer.

• Produce proper photo identification

• Comply with sample collection procedures.

• Report immediately for test.

ERGOGENIC AIDS AND DOPING IN SPORTS: Ergogenics aids are any external
influences that can be determined to enhance performance in sports. These includes:

• Mechanical Aids

• Pharmacological aids

• Physiological aids

• Nutritional aids