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  Founded in 1980, formed by Syama Prasad Mukherjee in 1951.
                               Wants to build a strong and modern India by drawing inspiration from India’s
                                ancient culture and values, and Deendayal Upadhyaya’s ideas of integral
                                humanism and Antyodaya.
                               Cultural nationalism (or ‘Hindutva’) is an important element in its conception
                                of Indian nationhood and politics.
                               Earlier limited to north and west and to urban areas, the party expanded its
                                support in the south, east, and the north-east and to rural areas.

                               Emerged as the largest party with 282 members in the 2014 Lok Sabha
                                elections.

                         4) Communist Party of India (CPI):

                               Formed in 1925. Believes in Marxism-Leninism, secularism and democracy.
                               Opposed to the forces of secessionism and communalism.
                               Accepts parliamentary democracy as a means of promoting the interests of
                                the working class, farmers and the poor.
                               Significant presence in the states of Kerala, West Bengal, Punjab, Andhra
                                Pradesh and Tamil Nadu.
                               It secured less than 1 per cent votes and 1 seat in the 2014 Lok Sabha
                                elections.
                         5) Communist Party of India – Marxist (CPI-M):


                               Founded in 1964. Believes in Marxism-Leninism. Supports socialism,
                                secularism and democracy and opposes imperialism and communalism.
                               Accepts democratic elections as a useful and helpful means for securing the
                                objective of socio-economic justice in India.
                               Enjoys strong support in West Bengal, Kerala and Tripura.

                               The part was in power in West Bengal without a break for 34 years.
                               In the 2014 Lok Sabha elections, it won about 3% of votes and 9 seats.
                         6) Indian National Congress (INC):

                               Popularly known as the Congress Party. One of the oldest parties of the
                                world. Founded in 1885 and has experienced many splits.
                               Under the leadership of Jawaharlal Nehru, the party sought to build a
                                modern secular democratic republic in India.
                               The ruling party at the centre till 1977 and then from 1980 to 1989. After
                                1989, its support declined, but it continues to be present throughout the
                                country.
                               The party’s main idea is to promote secularism and welfare of weaker
                                sections and minorities.
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