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SAI International School
Subject- Biology, Class X
Chapter- How do Organisms Reproduce?
Subtopic- Reproductive Health
Module 22
Lesson Notes
Reproductive health is a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being and not
merely the absence of disease or infirmity. Reproductive health or sexual health addresses
the reproductive processes, functions and system at all stages of life.
Reproductive health deals with the prevention of STDs and unwanted pregnancy.
Understanding the reproductive system is also a part of reproductive health
awareness.
The term sexually transmitted disease (STD) is used to refer to a condition passed
from one person to another through sexual contact.
One can contract an STD by having unprotected vaginal, anal, or oral sex with
someone who has the STD.
• Sexually transmitted diseases (STD) are caused by bacteria, protozoa and viruses.
Gonorrhea, is a sexually transmitted infection (STD) caused by the bacterium
Nisseria gonorrhoeae. The disease causes inflammation of the mucus membrane of
the urinogenital tract, rectum, throat and eye. Gonorrhea can be treated with
antibiotics.
Syphilis, is a bacterial infection caused by Treponema pallidum. It spreads from
person to person via skin or mucous membrane and causes lesion.
HIV syndrome.The disease AIDS (acquired immune deficiency syndrome) is caused
by HIV. AIDS is an incurable viral disease which weakens the body’s immune
system. Thus, AIDS interferes with the body's ability to fight infections.
The virus can be transmitted through contact with infected blood, semen or vaginal
fluids.
Within a few weeks of HIV infection, flu-like symptoms such as fever, sore throat and
fatigue can occur.
Then the disease is usually asymptomatic until it progresses to AIDS. AIDS
symptoms include weight loss, fever or night sweats, fatigue and recurrent infections.
Warts,This is another sexually transmitted disease caused by various strains of
human papilloma viruses.
Contraceptive Methods
1. Barrier methods
2. Chemical methods
3. Intrauterine contraceptive device (IUCD)
4. Natural method
5. Surgical method
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