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SAI International School
                                             Subject- Biology, Class X
                                  Chapter- How do Organisms Reproduce?
                                         Subtopic- Reproductive Health
                                                      Module 22
                                                    Lesson Notes



            Reproductive health is a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being and not
            merely the absence of disease or infirmity. Reproductive health or sexual health addresses
            the reproductive processes, functions and system at all stages of life.
                  Reproductive  health  deals  with  the  prevention  of  STDs  and  unwanted  pregnancy.
                    Understanding  the  reproductive  system  is  also  a  part  of  reproductive  health
                    awareness.
                  The term sexually transmitted disease (STD) is used to refer to a condition passed
                    from one person to another through sexual contact.
                  One  can  contract  an STD by  having  unprotected  vaginal,  anal,  or  oral  sex  with
                    someone who has the STD.
                •    Sexually transmitted diseases (STD) are caused by bacteria, protozoa and viruses.
                  Gonorrhea,  is  a  sexually  transmitted  infection  (STD)  caused  by  the  bacterium
                    Nisseria gonorrhoeae. The disease causes inflammation of the mucus membrane of
                    the  urinogenital  tract,  rectum,  throat  and  eye.  Gonorrhea  can  be  treated  with
                    antibiotics.
                  Syphilis, is  a  bacterial  infection  caused  by  Treponema  pallidum.  It  spreads  from
                    person to person via skin or mucous membrane and causes lesion.
                  HIV syndrome.The disease AIDS (acquired immune deficiency syndrome) is caused
                    by  HIV.  AIDS  is  an  incurable  viral  disease  which  weakens  the  body’s  immune
                    system. Thus, AIDS interferes with the body's ability to fight infections.
                  The virus can be transmitted through contact with infected blood, semen or vaginal
                    fluids.
                  Within a few weeks of HIV infection, flu-like symptoms such as fever, sore throat and
                    fatigue can occur.
                  Then  the  disease  is  usually  asymptomatic  until  it  progresses  to  AIDS.  AIDS
                    symptoms include weight loss, fever or night sweats, fatigue and recurrent infections.
                  Warts,This  is  another  sexually  transmitted  disease  caused  by  various  strains  of
                    human papilloma viruses.



            Contraceptive Methods

                1.  Barrier methods
                2.  Chemical methods
                3.  Intrauterine contraceptive device (IUCD)
                4.  Natural method
                5.  Surgical method


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