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SAI International School

                                                 Subject - Chemistry
                                                       Class - VIII

                                            Topic – Coal and Petroleum
                               Sub-Topic – Refining of Petroleum, Natural Gas

                                                   LESSON NOTES


        Refining of petroleum

        The crude petroleum oil is a complex mixture of solid, liquid and gaseous hydrocarbons. It is not very
        useful to us as such. So, before petroleum can be used for any purpose, it has to be refined.



















        The process of separating crude petroleum oil into more useful fractions (products) is called refining.
        The refining of petroleum into different fractions is based on the fact that different product in the crude
        oil have different boiling points. The process is carried out in an oil refinery.

        The separation of petroleum into different fractions is done by the process of ‘fractional distillation’.
        Fractional distillation is the process of separation of liquid mixture into fractions differing in boiling
        point.





















        The various products obtained by the refining of petroleum are: Petroleum gas, petrol, Kerosene,
        Diesel, Lubricating oils, Paraffin wax and Bitumen.




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