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SAI International School
                                                          2025-26
                                                          Class X
                                         Chapter-2 Sectors of Indian Economy
                     Subtopic- 5 Sectors In Terms Of Ownership: Public And Private Sectors

                                                       Lesson Notes


                 Public Sector:
                      Owned and operated by the government.
                      Examples include railways, post office, and government-funded activities.
                      Government raises funds through taxes to cover expenses on public services.

                 Private Sector:
                      Owned and operated by private individuals or companies.
                      Driven by the motive to earn profits.
                      Examples include privately owned companies like Tata Iron and Steel Company Limited
                        (TISCO) and Reliance Industries Limited (RIL).
                 Public Sector Activities:
                      Infrastructure Development: Government invests in building roads, bridges, railways,
                        harbours, and electricity generation facilities.
                      Supporting Industries: Government intervenes to support industries by providing
                        essential services like electricity at affordable rates.
                      Agricultural Support: Buys agricultural produce at fair prices from farmers, stores it,
                        and sells at lower prices to consumers through ration shops.
                      Social Welfare: Takes responsibility for primary activities like providing health and
                        education facilities, especially elementary education.
                      Human Development: Addresses issues of malnutrition, infant mortality rates, safe
                        drinking water, housing for the poor, and food and nutrition.

                 Challenges and Responsibilities:
                      Government must address the needs of society that the private sector may neglect due
                        to high costs or lack of profitability.
                      Balancing financial responsibility with the provision of essential services for the well-
                        being of citizens.
                      Special attention needed for the poorest and most neglected regions, ensuring
                        increased spending in these areas for equitable development.
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